Resonator matching network

ABSTRACT

An input-matching network including an acoustic resonator providing a virtual impedance to match impedance between a first component and second component. As an example, the first component may be an antenna and the second component may be an amplifier. The acoustic resonator provides a virtual impedance to match impedance between the antenna and the amplifier. The acoustic resonator may be, for example, a film bulk acoustic (fbar) resonator or a surface acoustic wave (saw) resonator.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Description of the Related Art

In radios that consist of a receiver and a transmitter, both areconnected to an antenna. The receiver input is typically a low noiseamplifier. The low noise amplifier sets an amount of noise that thereceiver adds to a wanted signal. The low noise amplifier is therebycritical to a performance of the radio. The input equivalent circuit ofthe low noise amplifier is capacitive.

The low noise amplifier should use as little current as possible incases where the radio is battery powered. Reducing the current makes theimpedance of the low noise amplifier equivalent to an increasinglysmaller capacitor. This impedance becomes increasingly difficult tomatch. The impedance of the low noise amplifier must be matched to theimpedance of the antenna in order to minimize the noise added to thereceived signal.

FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional input-matching network using a biasingcircuit. Referring to FIG. 1, an antenna A₁ is provided in a network toreceive a signal. A capacitor C₁₁ is connected at one end of the antennaA₁. An inductor L₁ is connected at the other end of the capacitor C₁₁opposite the end that is connected to the antenna A₁. A transistor T₁₂is connected at an end of the inductor L₁, opposite the end of theinductor L₁ connected to the capacitor C₁₁. The transistor T₁₂ isgrounded at one end thereof and connected to another transistor T₁₁ atthe other end to a transistor T₁₂ to form a cascode arrangement. In theembodiment in FIG. 1, the transistors T₁₁, T₁₂ are shown as CMOS typetransistors. However, the transistors T₁₁, T₁₂ may be any type oftransistors.

A capacitor C₁₂ is connected at one end thereof to the transistor T₁₁and to an antenna A1 at the other end thereof. At the other end of thetransistor T₁₂ opposite the end connected to the transistor T₁₁, isconnected a current source I₁. A signal S₁ is delivered through theantenna A1 and is amplified by the transistor T₁₁. A power source P₁ isconnected at an end of the current source I₁ opposite the end connectedto the transistor T₁₁.

As shown in FIG. 1, the capacitive structure may be transformed to areal impedance of the antenna A₁ by using the series inductor L₁.However, using the inductor L₁ may cause problems. For example, as thelow noise amplifier current is reduced, the capacitance of the low noiseamplifier is also reduced, and a required value inductance increases.Several effects may occur as a result of using the inductor L₁. Forexample, the series resistance of the inductor L₁ increases, increasingthe loss of the input-matching network, and thereby increasing the noiseadded to the wanted signal. Also, the inductor L₁ gets physically largeand thereby, more expensive and difficult to fit into the input-matchingnetwork. Further, a self-resonant frequency generally decreases to afrequency below a desired operation, and thus, does not operate as aninductor at that frequency. The self-resonance would require that adifferent type of inductor be used such as an off-chip component or ahigher performing and more expensive inductor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and morereadily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments,taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional input-matching network using a biasingcircuit;

FIG. 2A illustrates an input-matching network, according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2B illustrates an input-matching network, according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates is a configuration of a resonator equivalent circuitof an acoustic resonator, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 4 illustrates an input-matching network, according to an embodimentof the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the presentinvention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elementsthroughout. The embodiments are described below in order to explain thepresent invention by referring to the figures.

In the present invention, an acoustic resonator provides a virtualinductance that matches a capacitive impedance to a real impedance. Forexample, an acoustic resonator having a virtual inductance may beprovided in an input-matching network that matches a capacitiveimpedance of a transistor to a real impedance of an antenna. Theacoustic resonator substitutes for an inductor that may be very large,very lossy, or both. The acoustic resonator also eliminates the need fora blocking capacitor, which is often required in conventional typeinput-matching networks to maintain proper biasing.

FIG. 2A illustrates an input-matching network, according to anembodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2A, theinput-matching network 200 includes an acoustic resonator 240 to matchimpedance between a first component 220 and a second component 260. Theacoustic resonator 240, for example, may be a film bulk acoustic (fbar)or a surface acoustic wave (saw) resonator. However, the presentinvention is not limited to any specific type of acoustic resonator, andvarious different types of acoustic resonators may be used in theinvention.

The acoustic resonator 240 provides a virtual inductance to match theimpedance between the first component 220 and the second component 260.The first component 220 may be, for example, an oscillator, a mixer, afilter, an amplifier, a transmitter, a receiver, or an antenna.Similarly, the second component 260 may be, for example, an oscillator,a mixer, a filter, an amplifier, a transmitter, a receiver or anantenna. For example, the acoustic resonator 240 may provide a virtualinductance to match the impedance between the first component 220 beingan antenna and the second component 260 being an amplifier. However, thepresent invention is not limited to the first component 220 and/or thesecond component 260 being any particular type of component.

The network 200 includes an input and an output. The first component 220is connected at one end thereof to the input of the network 200, and isconnected at the other end thereof to the acoustic resonator 240. Theacoustic resonator 240 is connected at an end thereof to the firstcomponent 220, and is connected at the other thereof to the secondcomponent 260. The second component 260 is connected at an end thereofto the acoustic resonator 240, and is connected at the other end thereofto the output of the network 200.

Therefore, the acoustic resonator 240 provides a virtual inductance andthereby operates as an impedance matching network to match impedancebetween the first component 220 and the second component 260.

FIG. 2B illustrates an input-matching network matching impedance betweenspecific examples of a first component 220 and a second component 260,according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.2B, the input-match network 200 includes the acoustic resonator 240having a virtual inductance to match impedance between the firstcomponent 220 and the second component 260. The acoustic resonator 240is connected at one end thereof to the first component 220 and isconnected at the other end to the second component 260. In the specificexample shown in FIG. 2B, the first component 220 is an antenna and thesecond component 260 is a transistor-amplifier.

More specifically, as shown in the specific example in FIG. 2B, thefirst component 220 includes an antenna A₂. The acoustic resonator 240is connected at one end to the antenna A₁. The second component 260includes a transistor-amplifier circuit and is connected to the otherend of the acoustic resonator 240. The transistor-amplifier circuitincludes transistors T₂₁, T₂₂, a capacitor C₂, a current source I₂, asignal S₂, and power source P₂. The transistors T₂₁, T₂₂ form a cascodearrangement and are shown, in FIG. 2B, as CMOS type transistors.However, the present invention is not limited to any specific type oftransistor.

Of course, the present invention is not limited to the specific examplein FIG. 2A where the first component 220 is an antenna and/or the secondcomponent 260 is a transistor amplifier. Instead, as indicated above,the first component 220 and/or the second component 260 are not limitedto being any particular type of component. In addition, although aspecific type of amplifier with a specific configuration is shown inFIG. 2B, the present invention is not limited to an amplifier being anyspecific type or configuration of amplifier.

FIG. 3 illustrates is a configuration of a resonator equivalent circuitof the acoustic resonator 240, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention. Referring to FIG. 3, the resonator equivalent circuit 300includes two resistors (R₃₁, R₃₂), two capacitors (C₃₁, C₃₂), and twoinductors (L₃₁, L₃₂). Acoustic resonators such as fbar or sawresonators, for example, are equivalent to an inductor-capacitor (LC)network that is used in an input-matching network. The fbar and sawresonators may be used even though there is no actual inductor. Forexample, the inductor L₃₁ in the resonator equivalent circuit 300 has avirtual inductance. Although the resonator equivalent circuit 300 hasonly a small, incidental parasitic inductance L₃₂, the acousticresonator 240, for example, may be controlled to create the virtualinductance required to match impedance between the first component 220and the second component 260.

FIG. 4 illustrates an input-matching network, according to an embodimentof the present invention. Referring to FIG. 4, the input-matchingnetwork 400 includes a plurality of electronically selectable acousticresonators 430, 440, and 450. A respective acoustic resonator of theplurality of electronically selectable acoustic resonators 430, 440, and450 is selected to match impedance between a first component 410 and asecond component 460. Each of the plurality of acoustic resonators 430,440, and 450 provides a different virtual inductance to match theimpedance between the first component 410 and the second component 460.

The input-matching network 400 also includes switches 420 and 422electronically selecting the respective acoustic resonator of theplurality of electronically selectable acoustic resonators 430, 440, and450 to match impedance between the first component 410 and the secondcomponent 460. The impedance required to match the first component 410to the second component 460, for example, may depend on a frequencyreceived by the antenna A₂.

The acoustic resonators 430, 440, and 450, for example, may be an fbaror a saw type acoustic resonator. However, the present invention is notlimited to any specific type of acoustic resonator, and variousdifferent types of acoustic resonators may be used in the invention. Thefirst component 410 and the second component 460 may be one of anoscillator, mixer, filter, transmitter, receiver, and antenna. However,the present invention is not limited to any particular type of componentin an input-matching network.

The network 400 includes an input and an output. The first component 410is connected at one end thereof to the input of the network 400, and isconnected at the other end thereof to the switch 420. The acousticresonators 430, 440, and 450 are connected at one end of the acousticresonators 430, 440, and 450 to the switch 420, and are connected at theother of the acoustic resonators 430, 440, and 450 to the switch 422.The second component 460 is connected at an end thereof to the switch422, and is connected at the other end thereof to the output of thenetwork 400.

The switches 420 and 422, for example, may be transistor switches. Theswitches 420 and 422 allow a signal to be transmitted through arespective one of the acoustic resonators 430, 440, or 450 to match thefirst component 410 and the second component 460. For example, if theacoustic resonator 430 is selected to match impedance between the firstcomponent 410 and the second component 460, the switches 420 and 422 arecontrolled so that a signal is transmitted through the acousticresonator 430. If the acoustic resonator 440 is selected to matchimpedance between the first component 410 and the second component 460,the switches 420 and 422 are controlled so that a signal is transmittedthrough the acoustic resonator 440. If the acoustic resonator 550 isselected to match impedance between the first component 410 and thesecond component 460, the switches 420 and 422 are controlled so that asignal is transmitted through the acoustic resonator 450.

Although FIG. 4 shows the use of three acoustic resonators, the presentinvention is not limited to any particular number of acoustic resonatorsfrom which a respective acoustic resonator can be selected. For example,a respective acoustic resonator may be selected, for example, from amongtwo, four, five or more acoustic resonators providing different amountsof virtual inductance.

Moreover, there are many different switch configurations and manners ofselecting or switching to a respective acoustic resonator. The presentinvention is not limited to the use of two switches in the manner shownin FIG. 4.

In addition, a circuit configuration may be implemented so that a signalautomatically flows through an appropriate acoustic resonator of aplurality of parallel acoustic resonators in accordance with electricalprinciples of components in the circuit configuration, the values of thevirtual inductances provided by the acoustic resonators, and thefrequency of the signal.

Further, a virtual inductance is a function of a size and thickness ofan acoustic resonator. Accordingly, the size and thickness of anacoustic resonator may be designed to provide the virtual inductancenecessary to match the required impedance between components.

Although a few preferred embodiments of the present invention have beenshown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the artthat changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from theprinciples and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined inthe claims and their equivalents.

1. An input-matching network, comprising: a plurality of electronicallyselectable acoustic resonators, a respective acoustic resonator of theplurality of electronically selectable acoustic resonators beingselected to match impedance between a first component and a secondcomponent.
 2. The input-matching network according to claim 1, whereineach of the plurality of acoustic resonators provides a differentvirtual inductance to match the impedance between the first componentand the second component.
 3. The input-matching network according toclaim 1, further comprising: at least one switch electronicallyselecting the respective acoustic resonator to match impedance betweenthe first and second component.
 4. The input-matching network accordingto claim 1, wherein one of the first and second component is anamplifier.
 5. The input-matching network according to claim 1, whereinone of the first and second component is an oscillator.
 6. Theinput-matching network according to claim 1, wherein one of the firstand second component is a mixer.
 7. The input-matching network accordingto claim 1, wherein one of the first and second component is a filter.8. The input-matching network according to claim 1, wherein one of thefirst and second component is a transformer.
 9. The input-matchingnetwork according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the firstcomponent and the second component is a receiver, and the other one ofthe first component and second component is an antenna.
 10. Theinput-matching network according to claim 1, wherein at least one of thefirst component and the second component is a transmitter, and the otherone of the first component and second component is an antenna.